While her demeanour was often severe, she was said to be very charming and to possess a radiant smile. Some of her tracts were written in simple English so that they could easily be understood by those with poor literary skills. Nightingale was put in charge of nursing British and allied soldiers in Turkey during the Crimean War. In 1936, Kay Francis played Nightingale in the film titled The White Angel. Florence Nightingale had an extremely fortunate birth, because in addition to being well-heeled, her parents were also the descendants of compassionate reformers, including members of the Abolition … Raised in a liberal Unitarian household, Florence Nightingale claimed to have had “calls from God” beginning at the age of 16, driving her toward alleviating people’s pain through nursing. [33], The arrival of two waves of Irish nuns, the Sisters of Mercy to assist with nursing duties at Scutari met with different responses from Nightingale. [91], The Nightingale Pledge is a modified version of the Hippocratic Oath which nurses recite at their pinning ceremony at the end of training. This frail young woman ... embraced in her solicitude the sick of three armies. Nightingale bought equipment with funds provided by the London Times and enlisted soldiers’ wives to assist with the laundry. Nightingale was born on May 12, 1820, to a wealthy aristocratic family in Italy, and grew up in England. Nightingale was born on May 12, 1820, in Florence, Italy, the city which inspired her name. Nightingale argued that secular hospitals usually provided better care than their religious counterparts. Clarkey made an exception, however, in the case of the Nightingale family and Florence in particular. In 1993, Nest Entertainment released an animated film Florence Nightingale, describing her service as a nurse in the Crimean War. Attention was given to psychological needs through assistance in writing letters to relatives and through providing educational and recreational activities. [h] She would sometimes comfort those in her care with this view. Nightingale often carried the owl in her pocket, until the pet died (soon before Nightingale left for Crimea). She remained in the Church of England throughout her life, albeit with unorthodox views. [59][c] The offer of burial in Westminster Abbey was declined by her relatives and she is buried in the churchyard of St Margaret's Church in East Wellow, Hampshire, near Embley Park with a memorial of the utmost simplicity with just her initials and dates of birth and death. The work features nine panels, of the original ten, depicting scenes of hospital life, Derby townscapes and Nightingale herself. [90] The President of India honours nursing professionals with the "National Florence Nightingale Award" every year on International Nurses Day. Professor Emerita , College of Nursing, Michigan State University. The Evangelical Lutheran Church in America commemorates her as a renewer of society with Clara Maass on 13 August. [94], During the Vietnam War, Nightingale inspired many US Army nurses, sparking a renewal of interest in her life and work. [97], Four hospitals in Istanbul are named after Nightingale: Florence Nightingale Hospital in Şişli (the biggest private hospital in Turkey), Metropolitan Florence Nightingale Hospital in Gayrettepe, European Florence Nightingale Hospital in Mecidiyeköy, and Kızıltoprak Florence Nightingale Hospital in Kadiköy, all belonging to the Turkish Cardiology Foundation. She was also a pioneer in data visualization with the use of infographics, effectively using graphical presentations of statistical data. Taurus Activist #1. This experience influenced her later career, when she advocated sanitary living conditions as of great importance. After Nightingale sent a plea to The Times for a government solution to the poor condition of the facilities, the British Government commissioned Isambard Kingdom Brunel to design a prefabricated hospital that could be built in England and shipped to the Dardanelles. The British public raised an outcry over the treatment of the soldiers and demanded that the situation be drastically improved. [55], However, she did have several important and long-lasting friendships with women. [113] Some of the work was damaged and the tenth panel was dismantled for the glass to be used in repair of the remaining panels. [98], An appeal is being considered for the former Derbyshire Royal Infirmary hospital in Derby, England to be named after Nightingale. She became Herbert's key adviser throughout his political career, though she was accused by some of having hastened Herbert's death from Bright's Disease in 1861 because of the pressure her programme of reform placed on him. [28] Death rates were sharply reduced, but she never claimed credit for helping to reduce the death rate. Born: 12-May-1820 Birthplace: Florence, Italy Died: 13-Aug-1910 Location of death: London, England Cause of death: unspecified Remains: Buried, St. Margaret of Antioch Churchyard, East Wellow, Hampshire, England Gender: Female Religion: Anglican/Episcopalian Race or Ethnicity: White Sexual orientation: Asexual Occupation: Activist Nationality: England Seacole's own memoir, Wonderful Adventures of Mrs Seacole in Many Lands¸ records only one, friendly, meeting with her, when she asked her for a bed for the night, and got it; Seacole was in Scutari en route to the Crimea to join her business partner and start their business. [citation needed], A bronze plaque, attached to the plinth of the Crimean Memorial in the Haydarpaşa Cemetery, Istanbul, Turkey and unveiled on Empire Day, 1954, to celebrate the 100th anniversary of her nursing service in that region, bears the inscription: "To Florence Nightingale, whose work near this Cemetery a century ago relieved much human suffering and laid the foundations for the nursing profession. Florence Nightingale was born on 12 May 1820 at the Villa La Columbaia in Florence; she was named after the city of her birth. [14], As a young woman, Nightingale was described as attractive, slender and graceful. They had 4 children: Ellen Nightingale and 3 other children. Nightingale's work served as an inspiration for nurses in the American Civil War. Her accomplishments in providing care and reportedly reducing the mortality rate to about 2 percent brought her fame in England through the press and the soldiers’ letters. There are three statues of Nightingale in Derby – one outside the Derbyshire Royal Infirmary (DRI), one in St Peter's Street, and one above the Nightingale-Macmillan Continuing Care Unit opposite the Derbyshire Royal Infirmary. p. 8. [74] Her Crimean War statistics had convinced her that non-medical approaches were more effective given the state of knowledge at the time. [10][11], Florence inherited a liberal-humanitarian outlook from both sides of her family. Probably she was the most extraordinary nurse in history. Historian of science I. Bernard Cohen argues: Nightingale's achievements are all the more impressive when they are considered against the background of social restraints on women in Victorian England. Beginning in 1968, the US Air Force operated a fleet of 20 C-9A "Nightingale" aeromedical evacuation aircraft, based on the McDonnell Douglas DC-9 platform. She defied the expectations of her era and pursued what she saw as her God-given calling to nursing. Bullough, Vera L., Bonnie Bullough and Marieta P. Stanton. There was an outpouring of generous donations. It was restored and transferred to the Army Medical Services Museum, now in Mytchett, Surrey, near Aldershot. This theory held that diseases could only be transmitted by touch. Leading Personalities in Statistical Sciences: From the Seventeenth Century to the Present". [95] The Agostino Gemelli Medical School[96] in Rome, the first university-based hospital in Italy and one of its most respected medical centres, honoured Nightingale's contribution to the nursing profession by giving the name "Bedside Florence" to a wireless computer system it developed to assist nursing. In the introduction to the 1974 edition, Joan Quixley of the Nightingale School of Nursing wrote: "The book was the first of its kind ever to be written. At Thebes, she wrote of being "called to God", while a week later near Cairo she wrote in her diary (as distinct from her far longer letters that her elder sister Parthenope was to print after her return): "God called me in the morning and asked me would I do good for him alone without reputation. A pub named after her stands close to the DRI. Born in Florence, Italy, her parents decided to name her after the place of her birth, a tradition they had started with her older sister Frances Parthenope. Florence Nightingale /ˈnaɪtɪŋɡeɪl/, OM, RRC, DStJ (12 May 1820 – 13 August 1910) was an English social reformer, statistician and the founder of modern nursing. Created in 1893 and named after Nightingale as the founder of modern nursing, the pledge is a statement of the ethics and principles of the nursing profession. Nightingale led an officially sanctioned party of 38 women, departing October 21, 1854, and arriving in Scutari at the Barrack Hospital on November 5. Florence Nightingale was born on 12 May 1820 into a wealthy and well-connected British family at the Villa Colombaia,[8][9] in Florence, Tuscany, Italy, and was named after the city of her birth. [11], Although much of Nightingale's work improved the lot of women everywhere, Nightingale was of the opinion that women craved sympathy and were not as capable as men. She was born on Friday May 12th 1820, in Florence, Grand Duchy of Tuscany, Italy. 2 of 2 by Edward Tyas Cook, "Institute of Our Lady of Mercy, Great Britain", "Florence Nightingale: The Grave at East Wellow", Florence Nightingale's autobiographical notes: A critical edition of BL Add. [16], Her writings on Egypt, in particular, are testimony to her learning, literary skill, and philosophy of life. Florence Nightingale's most famous contribution came during the Crimean War, which became her central focus when reports got back to Britain about the horrific conditions for the wounded. p. 314. Florence Nightingale was born in Florence, Italy, on May 12, 1820, and was named after her birthplace, where her parents were spending their honeymoon. Florence was stubborn, opinionated and forthright but she had to be those things in order to achieve all that she did. [108] and in several of its rooms, relics and reproductions related to Florence Nightingale and her nurses are on exhibition. [13], Nightingale underwent the first of several experiences that she believed were calls from God in February 1837 while at Embley Park, prompting a strong desire to devote her life to the service of others. It appeared at a time when the simple rules of health were only beginning to be known, when its topics were of vital importance not only for the well-being and recovery of patients, when hospitals were riddled with infection, when nurses were still mainly regarded as ignorant, uneducated persons. She rose above family disapproval and inflexible social codes to become the founder of modern nursing. ", Gilbert, Sandra M., and Susan Gubar. [109], When Nightingale moved on to the Crimea itself in May 1855, she often travelled on horseback to make hospital inspections. [128], Washington National Cathedral celebrates Nightingale's accomplishments with a double-lancet stained glass window featuring six scenes from her life, designed by artist Joseph G. Reynolds and installed in 1983. Florence Nightingale studied literature, history, philosophy, and mathematics and learned French, German, Italian, Greek, and Latin during her childhood. [89] Since 1965, International Nurses Day has been celebrated on her birthday (12 May) each year. Stark, Myra. Pass through the glimmering gloom, Nightingale's output slowed down considerably in her last decade. She belongs to that select band of historical characters who are instantly recognisable: the Lady with the Lamp, ministering to the wounded and dying. She was named for Florence, Italy, the city in which she was born; her sister Parthenope was also named for a Mediterranean settlement. Sylvester.". In 2008, Mark Bostridge published a major new life of Nightingale, almost exclusively based on unpublished material from the Verney Collections at Claydon and from archival documents from about 200 archives around the world, some of which had been published by Lynn McDonald in her projected sixteen-volume edition of the Collected Works of Florence Nightingale (2001 to date). Nightingale remained in Scutari until the hospitals were ready to close, returning to her home in Derbyshire on August 7, 1856, as a reluctant heroine. [92], The Florence Nightingale Declaration Campaign,[93] established by nursing leaders throughout the world through the Nightingale Initiative for Global Health (NIGH), aims to build a global grassroots movement to achieve two United Nations Resolutions for adoption by the UN General Assembly of 2008. She said that if given the choice between being a woman or a galley slave, then she would choose the freedom of the galleys. [48] In the following year she was given the Honorary Freedom of the City of London. [34] The second wave, headed by Mary Francis Bridgeman met with a cooler reception as Bridgeman refused to give up her authority over her Sisters to Nightingale while at the same time not trusting Nightingale, whom she regarded as ambitious.[35][36]. Florence Nightingale. She also was instrumental in setting up training for midwives and nurses in workhouse infirmaries. Both Florence and her older sister Parthenope were named after the Italian cities where they were born. Her approach to caring for wounded soldiers and training nurses in the 19th century saved and improved countless lives, and her ideas on how to stay healthy still resonate today – as politicians give official guidance on how best to battle coronavirus . Her birthday is now celebrated as International CFS Awareness Day. [86] She set an example of compassion, commitment to patient care and diligent and thoughtful hospital administration. (Credit: Dansk Sygeplejerad) 1837 "Whilst in the gardens of her family home in Embley, Hampshire, Florence heard the voice of God calling her to do his work, but at this time had no idea what the work would be." Named after the city of her birth, Nightingale was born at the Villa Colombia in Florence, Italy, on 12 May 1820. The newspaper reports stated that soldiers were treated by an incompetent and ineffective medical establishment and that the most basic supplies were not available for care. "Egypt in England and America: The Cultural Memorials of Religion, Royalty and Revolution", in: Magnello, M. Eileen. In her lifetime, much of her published work was concerned with spreading medical knowledge. Fanny's father (Florence's maternal grandfather) was the abolitionist and Unitarian William Smith. She later transferred to a mule cart and was reported to have escaped serious injury when the cart was toppled in an accident. Born on May 12, 1820 At age 17, she wrote about her “calling” in her diary, “God spoke to me and called me to His service.” Age 31 (1851) in Kaiserwerth, Germany, she completed her nursing training After her training, she became the superintendent of the Hospital for Invalid Gentlewoman in London. https://www.britannica.com/biography/Florence-Nightingale, The Victorian Web - Biography of Florence Nightingale, Spartacus Educational - Biography of Florence Nightingale, MacTutor History of Mathematics Archive - Biography of Florence Nightingale, South African History Online - Biography of Florence Nightingale, Heritage History - Biography of Florence Nightingale, Florence Nightingale - Children's Encyclopedia (Ages 8-11), Florence Nightingale - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up). , from a painting by Henrietta Rae and Midwifery, the US and Japan important, continued! Have several important and long-lasting friendships with women, Gilbert, Sandra M., and London you have to. 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