For comparison, the speed of sound in air is 0.33 km/sec — or if you need a more veteran-friendly comparison, the muzzle velocity of an M4 is 0.9km/sec. In 52 BC, at the end of the First Triumvirate, the Roman Senate supported Pompey as sole consul; meanwhile, Caesar had become a military hero and champion of the people. (US Air Force photo). The title of Caesar and everything that it represents stems from the actions of a heroic man who had an undying thirst for advancement. The Battle of Bibracte in 58 B.C. Or, in other words, Hitler wanted the games to impress foreigners visiting Germany. The Senate had ordered him to disband his army and come to Rome to face charges of illegal actions during his counsulship. During the Pascal-A test on July 26, scientists tested a nuclear warhead underneath the surface of the Earth, marking the first U.S. underground nuclear test. The MiG-15 was quickly taken back to the United States and put through its paces. This alarmed the Optimates, the conservative group within the Senate, who saw the power of the Senate and the aristocr… Offended, the Senate demanded for him to disband his army immediately, or he would be declared an enemy of the people. Though the book is far from the most credible account of the war (Caesar is known for inflated battle statistics in his favor), what’s undeniable is that a victory is a victory. A major reason for Pompey's defeat was miscommunication among front cavalry horsemen. A Parthian alliance was not feasible since a Roman general fighting Roman legions with foreign troops was craven, and the military risk of an Italian invasion was politically unsavoury because the Italians, who thirty years earlier had rebelled against Rome, might rise against him. Vowing, “The die is cast,” he rallied his men, crossed the Rubicon into Italy and ignited a civil war. On Oct. 4, 1957, the Soviet Union launched Sputnik 1, the first satellite into an elliptical, low-Earth orbit. That time US scientists launched a manhole cap towards space, That time drunk samurai didn’t realize they were under attack, Oda raised a small force of approximately 2,500 men, between one-twelfth and one-tenth the size of Imagawa’s army, and led it east, site of the battle is now a park in Japan and a re-enactment is held every year, This is the World War II history of the Foo Fighters, According to the Smithsonian Institution’s Air and Space magazine, This music legend stole a helicopter and landed it at Johnny Cash’s house, How the WW2 bomber Memphis Belle got its wings back, This Spitfire shot down near Dunkirk just flew again, This is why the F-4 Phantom II had so many fans, Watch a young Chuck Yeager test fly a stolen MiG-15. The total number of confirmed kills for the MiG-23s in service with the Syrian Air Force against the Israelis in that time period is five. Rome was officially in a civil war. Like the F-4, the MiG-23 was widely exported — and not just to Warsaw Pact militaries. Several decisive victories in Greece and the Italian mainland later, Caesar had turned what was once seen as an illegitimate military rulership into an unquestionable empire. And Frank Fiegel was a one-eyed, pipe-smoking brawler who never turned down a fight. Japanese samurai leader Imagawa Yoshimoto launched an offensive in 1560 to invade to Kyoto, leading approximately 20,000-35,000 samurai west and capturing a series of small castles on his way. The Senate, fearful of Caesar, reduced the number of legions he had,[5] then demanded that he relinquish command of his army. Caesar responded to Pompey's moves in Rome by leading his army across the Rubicon River. This marked the beginning of what would be known as the “Space Race” between the Soviets and the U.S. … They played American music and whatnot. If you’ve ever seen that hilarious video about the history of Japan, Oda’s story is told from 3:15 to 3:40: The rock band Foo Fighters didn’t just put some gibberish out there and call it a band name. They were going to assassinate South Korea’s president at his home. “The skin all over the the fuselage is engraved with the names when it went on its war bond tour so you want to try and keep all that as much as you can because if you replace that, that’s history gone,” Simmons said. Everything about it, it doesn’t seem like a job. Faced with the cunning political brilliance of the young queen, Ptolemy would … The soldiers' resistance collapsed. Crowds give the Nazi salute as Hitler enters the stadium. The political situation is discussed in depth in the ancient histories of Appian and Cassius Dio. Caesar's own account of the Civil War makes no mention of the river crossing but simply states that he marched to Rimini, a town south of the Rubicon, with his army.[9]. Every Foo Fighters fan saw this gif coming. He was powerful and popular with lots of military experience. There was no way to verify any of this, as the manhole cover was never found, but if the math was right and the manhole cover survived the extreme pressure and heat, Dr. Brownlee may have made it to space first, created the fastest object while in Earth’s atmosphere, and the third-fastest object known to man. The general population, which regarded Caesar as a hero, approved of his actions. “The big significance of the Belle is it’s an icon and it represents those heavy bomber crews that helped win the war against Germany,” said Jeff Duford, a museum curator. British destroyer HMS Matabele and Soviet trawler RT-68 Enisej of convoy PQ-8 were sunk by German submarine U-454 at the mouth of the Kola Inlet near the very end of their trip, British whaler HMS Sulla of PQ-9 capsized from ice build-up three days into her journey in the Norwegian Sea, while PQ-15 suffered the loss of three merchant ships on 2 May 1942 to German torpedo bomber attacks north of Norway. The turret, in turn, would be mated to the chassis of an M48 Patton main battle tank as per program requirements, giving it mobility. ARMY AIR CREWS: Vietnam Chinook Crewmembers Line of Duty ... A Chinook takes fire during a Vietnam rescue mission | Air & Space ... America's "Happy Hooker," CH-47 | Talking Proud, The famed Olympic torch relay was actually created by the Nazis for propaganda, Andrew Nagorski, who cited the article in his book “Hitlerland.”. The battle ended a short time later as Imagawa’s senior officers were cut down. “It’s the Memphis Belle. “I don’t know if there’s words that really say it because you’re little and you build this kit as a little model (airplane) and now you’re actually doing the real thing. As the Senate's chosen commander and with the backing of at least one of the current consuls, Pompey commanded legitimacy, but Caesar's military crossing of the Rubicon rendered him a de jure enemy of the Senate and the people of Rome. This is why the “Akutan Zero,” a Japanese plane that crashed on June 4, 1942 over Alaskan soil, was so important. He did this by cleverly exposing Antony’s will to the Senate, where he read out how Antony had left all his money to his children by Cleopatra, where they would reign as monarchs over kingdoms that he and Cleopatra … She won the silver medal. He was his deputy when he crossed the Rubicon River into Italy in 49 BC to trigger the civil war with Pompey, and was his co-Consul when he died. Imagawa, however, stopped to loot a few castles. They had to create another version — the MiG-23BN and later the MiG-27 — to handle ground-attack missions. The fastest man-made thing is the Helios 2, which travels 70.2km/sec. Frank “Rocky” Fiegel was actually a bartender and not any kind of sailor, but he did love the kids around Chester, and they used to love to play pranks on the old barfly. Here are more photos of what it was like: Sure, we all know about the F-16 Falcon, the F-15 Eagle, the Su-27 Flanker, the MiG-29 Fulcrum… all those modern planes. As for the band name, Grohl believes the name hasn’t really stood the test of time. Artist’s conception of World War II Foo Fighters. Caesar gave chase and defeated the last remnants of opposition in the Battle of Munda in March 45 BC. Caesar’s victory here sent the Roman Republic into the throes of death — and gave rise to the Roman Empire. The Optimates under Marcus Junius Brutus and Cicero surrendered after the battle, while others, including those under Cato the Younger and Metellus Scipio fought on. ), Caesar was set to return to Rome, astride the high of triumph. At Nicopolis Pharnaces had defeated what little Roman opposition the governor of Asia, Gnaeus Domitius Calvinus, could muster. When Segar wasn’t lighting lamps, he was sent out to pick up burgers for the owner. The Roman Republic following Caesar’s conquest and on the eve of its first full blown civil war in 49 B.C. The Rubicon was crossed and Caesar officially invaded the legal border from his province into Italy, thus starting the civil war. Pharnaces himself fled quickly back to the Bosporus, where he managed to assemble a small force of Scythian and Sarmatian troops with which he was able to gain control of a few cities, but one of his former governors, Asandar, attacked his forces and killed him. First and foremost, Brutus did not plan to take his own life, but rather fell victim to the guilt of leading Rome into a civil war. When most people think of World War II, they probably think of soldiers fighting in Europe or Marines island-hopping in the Pacific. The final crew and the bomber gained fame on a nationwide wartime bond tour, which stopped in Dayton, and for a 1944 movie “Memphis Belle” that documented its combat exploits over Europe. … We demand it,” it said, according to Andrew Nagorski, who cited the article in his book “Hitlerland.”. Older and more experienced( faught barbarians in Gaul for years). On the morning of August 9, 48 BC, Rome’s most famous general—Gnaeus Pompeius Magnus, or Pompey the Great—apprehensively prepared his troops to face the army of Rome’s most successful general, Gaius Julius Caesar. In doing so, he  inaugurated what is now a famed ritual of a lone runner bearing a torch carried from the site of the ancient games in Olympia, Greece into the stadium. By signing up you agree to our Terms of Service and Privacy Policy, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vvXcgz-2u9g, © MIGHTY NETWORKS, 2020 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED, This siege is one of Julius Caesar’s most spectacular victories, Caesar's Civil War: Battle of Pharsalus | HistoryNet. (Image: Utagawa Toyonobu, Public Domain). The official Nazi Party paper, the Völkischer Beobachter , even put out a statement saying that it was “a disgrace and degradation of the Olympic idea” that blacks and whites could compete together. It began as a series of political and military confrontations, between Julius Caesar (100–44 BC), his political supporters (broadly known as Populares), and his legions, against the Optimates (or Boni), the politically conservative and socially traditionalist faction of the Roman Senate,[3] who were supported by Pompey (106–48 BC) and his legions.[4]. Instead, Ford and General Dynamics were given prototype production contracts to build their designs for testing, with Ford ultimately winning the competition. General Electric’s concept of the M247 Sergeant York, complete with a shortened version of the Avenger (General Electric). Wimpy’s rotund figure was based on Popeye creator E.C. How Julius Caesar Started a Big War by Crossing a Small Stream In 49 B.C. Just 11 days after establishing his dictatorship, he secured Publius Servilius Vatia Isauricus as an ally and his emperorship was beyond reproach. The alliance was further consolidated by Pompey's marriage to Julia, the daughter of Caesar, in 59 BC. As crossing the Rubicon with an army was prohibited, lest a returning general attempt a coup d'etat, that triggered the ensuing civil war between Caesar and Pompey. The translation below was made by Robin Seager. Caesar's Civil War resulted from the long political subversion of the Roman Government's institutions, which began with the career of Tiberius Gracchus, continuing with the Marian reforms of the legions, the bloody dictatorship of Lucius Cornelius Sulla, and completed by the First Triumvirate over Rome. A more modern estimate puts the speed of the steel cap at around 56 km/sec. Kim was captured. They broke into teams of six, dressed as South Korean troops, and crossed the border through barbed wire, observation posts, and minefields. But the freezing waters of the Arctic — and the German navy — didn’t make it easy. Returning to Rome in December of 49 BC, Caesar was appointed dictator, with Mark Antony as his Master of the Horse. Despite having retreated into central Italy, Pompey and the Senatorial forces were composed of at least two legions: some 11,500 soldiers and some hastily-levied Italian troops commanded by Lucius Domitius Ahenobarbus. The system would be manned by a small crew, aided by a radar tracking system that would pick up targets and “slave” the gun to them before firing. During the ten years, Caesar used his military forces to conquer Gaul and to invade Britain, which was popular with the people, however his enemies claimed it was without explicit authorization by the Senate.[7]. Frontman Dave Grohl was actually reading a book about UFOs and he picked a name that, at the time, seemed to fit. The convoys delivered more than four million tons of cargo, though at a heavy cost: 101 ships were sunk and roughly 3,000 Allied sailors lost their lives, according to The Telegraph. The Avenger cannon nevertheless does serve in a somewhat similar role today, functioning as the core of the Goalkeeper Close-In Weapon System, found on a number of modern warships around the world. He escaped to Capua with those politicians who supported him, the aristocratic Optimates and the regnant consuls. An air-to-air right side view of a Soviet MiG-23 Flogger-G aircraft with an AA-7 Apex air-to-air missile attached to the outer wing pylon and an AA-8 Aphid air-to-air missile on the inner wing pylon. The threats, natural or otherwise, endangered the merchant ships throughout the entire length of the supply route. It was also sold to Soviet allies across the world — from Cuba to North Korea. The great general was fresh off a stunning military campaign in Gaul, but his longtime alliance with Pompey the Great had turned into a bitter rivalry. What stance does one take when the very people who brought you to power now want to see you die for treason? Although Caesar was greatly outnumbered, his veteran legions They were led by Kim Shin-jo, a proud revolutionary who was ready to liberate the south from the heel of American occupation. From Brundisium, Caesar crossed the Strait of Otranto with seven legions to the Gulf of Valona (not Palaesta in Epirus [modern Palase/Dhermi, Albania], as reported by Lucan),[13] prompting Pompey to consider three courses of action: (i) to make an alliance with the King of Parthia, an erstwhile ally, far to the east; (ii) to invade Italy with his superior navy and/or (iii) to force a decisive battle with Caesar. Caesar quickly gained a significant victory at the Battle of Thapsus in 46 BC over the forces of Metellus Scipio, Cato the Younger and Juba, who all committed suicide. The historian Appian states that Pharnaces died in battle, but Cassius Dio says that Pharnaces was captured and then killed. The United States Air Force, United States Navy, United States Marine Corps, Royal Air Force, Fleet Air Arm, West German Air Force, and numerous other countries bought the F-4. , chapter 8", Lewis E 83 Historia belli civilis inter Caesarem et Pompeium at OPenn, Wars of the Fall of the Western Roman Empire, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Caesar%27s_Civil_War&oldid=991631716, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles with unsourced statements from June 2018, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, March 9, Caesar's advance against Pompeian forces in, July 30, Caesar surrounded Afranius and Petreius's army in, August 2, Pompeians in Ilerda surrendered to Caesar, September 6, Massilia surrendered to Caesar, coming back from Hispania, October, Caesar appointed Dictator in Rome; presides over his own election as consul and resigns after eleven days. The F-4 beats the MiG-23 in versatility. The North Vietnamese launched the Tet Offensive and North Korea captured the American spy ship Pueblo outside its territorial waters. Known as the M247 Sergeant York, Ford’s anti-aircraft gun system was much more conventional, significantly lighter and apparently somewhat cheaper to build than the Avenger cannon concept. Oda’s force crept close to Imagawa’s camp and then attacked with its full force. Specially created by his Senate enemies, that position was meant to occupy him without giving him the command of armies or garnering him wealth and fame. Of course, the South Koreans immediately told the authorities. The wings were last attached in 2003, officials said. That was an illegal political act since he was entitled to keep his army until his term expired. In concept, the DIVAD vehicle could go anywhere, dig in and wait for enemy aircraft to appear, then shoot them down quickly. In December of 50 BC, Caesar wrote to the Senate that he agreed to resign his military command if Pompey followed suit. He had also taken the city of Amisus, which was a Roman ally; made all the boys eunuchs and sold the inhabitants to slave traders. In fact, while it’s best-known for playing a key role in Operation Enduring Freedom, the CH-47 Chinook saw a lot of action in the Vietnam War. Domitius after being isolated and trapped near Corfinium, was forced to surrender his army of thirty-one cohorts (about three legions) following a brief siege. Pressing Issues That Led to the Civil War. This quickly changed after Operation Dervish, the first convoy from Iceland to Archangelsk, Russia. Pompey escaped to Brundisium, there awaiting sea transport for his legions, to Epirus, in the Republic's eastern Greek provinces, expecting his influence to yield money and armies for a maritime blockade of Italy proper. We do not know exactly how the first contact between the two dignitaries took place.According to the history of Rome (and some of the remaining writings of Julius Caesar) it seems that Cleopatra would meet him around the year 48 BC at which time the Roman general had ordered Cleopatra and her Fiegel would impress them with his feats of strength as well as his telltale corncob pipe – something young Segar would never forget. Kim Shin-jo took cover near the woods, and never even fired his weapon. That said, the MiG-23’s record has been a bit more spotty. [citation needed]. This helicopter has served with the Army for over half a century and year and is still going strong — new variants, the CH-47F and MH-47G, are rolling off the production lines as we speak! Of course, given the state of war, the German military also posed a great danger by means of surface warships, submarines, and aircraft. | Bundesarchiv. Jonathan W. Jordan February 2001. A competition under the Division Air Defense name was thus created. Anyway, everybody thought: ‘Well, so Hitler can’t be so bad.'”. He said that he would pay them the money that he owed them after he won the North African campaign with other legions. The Great Roman Civil War, also known as Caesar’s War, was the culmination of a long-running political conflict within the Roman elite. Those harsh experiences, however, led to improvements. Cicero acted vigorously against Marcus Antonius since he belonged to the group of senators which were committed to ending every relation with Caesar supports and civil war. We drew our breaths in a kind of gasping-choke.”. (US Army photo by Staff Sgt. He and Pompey had, along with Marcus Licinius Crassus, established the First Triumvirate, through which they shared power over Rome. (Section 51 via YouTube). Pompey countered by constructing towers for heavy artillery on a number of merchant ships and used them to destroy the rafts as they were floated in position. The title of Caesar and everything that it represents stems from the actions of a heroic man who had an undying thirst for advancement. With deliberate clemency, Caesar released Domitius and the other senators with him and even returned 6,000,000 sesterces that Domitius had had to pay his troops. Goalkeeper is designed to engage surface-skimming missiles aimed at naval vessels and obliterate them by putting up a “wall of steel” – essentially a massive scattered burst of shells which will hopefully strike and detonate the missile a safe distance away from the ship. Together, through bribes, intimidation, and ruthless pragmatism, they brought about change that resonated throughout all of Rome — until a betrayal famously turned the Senate against Caesar. Senator Pompey and the others fled Rome when they heard that Caesar would not go down without a fight. In January, 49 BC, Caesar's opponents in the Senate, led by Lentulus, Cato and Scipio, tried to strip Caesar of his command (provinces and legions) and force him to return to Rome as a private citizen (liable to prosecution). Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. In 1560, a Japanese leader attempting to capture the capital of Kyoto lost his head and most of his men when his army got too drunk and loud to realize it was under attack by a much smaller force until the enemy had cut its way to the leader’s tent. Despite what you’ve seen in movies, daily operations didn’t always involve pulling troops from a hot landing zone or going in with guns and rockets blazing — and it wasn’t always done in a Huey, either. “Blacks must be excluded. Most were embarrassed by their role in the mutiny in Caesar's presence. The partying in the camp was so loud and the attack so sudden, that many of Imagawa’s samurai failed to realize they were in a fight. However, it under-performed severely, much to the embarrassment of its parent company and the Army. Start studying Caesar: The Roman Civil War. He wasn’t interested in killing civilians — he wanted Park Chung-hee. Ashamed to demand money, the men began to call out for their discharge. The Chinook has a history of doing precisely that, whether in Operation Enduring Freedom, Operation Iraqi Freedom, Desert Storm, or any number of peacetime operations. As it happened so did Caesar so that made two of us. In the late 1970s, the US Army began looking to replace their aging force of self-propelled anti-aircraft guns with newer, more effective systems that could do a similar job with even more lethality and effectiveness than ever before. Removing an installed GAU-8 from an A-10 requires first installing a jack under the aircraft’s tail to prevent it from tipping, as the cannon makes up most of the aircraft’s forward weight. Dora Paskel, the owner of a local general store, was unusually tall and thin, wearing her hair in a loose bun at the nape of her neck. At the conclusion of Caesar's first consulship, the Senate, rather than granting him a provincial governorship, tasked him with watching over the Roman forests. In the summer of 1957, during Operation Plumbob, American scientists were testing the capabilities of nuclear explosions in all fashions at the Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory. Within 200 yards of their objective, one South Korean soldier halted them to check their IDs. Following this, Antony and Caesar's adopted son Octavius would fight yet another civil war against remnants of the Optimates and Liberatores faction, ultimately resulting in the establishment of the Roman Empire. However, by the time of Caesar’s birth, their fortunes had been in decline for many years. The goal of the DIVAD program was to design, build and field a self-propelled air defense gun system, able to engage and shoot down low-flying enemy aircraft with controlled bursts of shells from a cannon mounted on a turret. Nevertheless, Pompey's sons Gnaeus Pompeius and Sextus Pompeius, together with Titus Labienus, Caesar's former propraetorian legate (legatus propraetore and second in command in the Gallic War, escaped to Hispania. The reign of Augustus marked the end of the Roman Republic and the start of the Roman Empire. That man, Julius Caesar, had a brilliant, tactical militant mind that he joined with the political shrewdness of Senator Pompey and the economic patronage of Crassus to form the First Triumvirate of Rome. Meanwhile, Oda Nobunaga controlled a small garrison approximately 60 miles east of Kyoto, right in the path of Imagawa’s massive force. The Senate, under the direction of Pompey, tried to force Caesar to give up control of the army. But did you know that this aerial all-star also logged time in the MiG-15? In 74 bce, when Mithradates VI Eupator, king of Pontus, renewed war on the Romans, Caesar raised a private army to combat him. Asterix led me to The Gallic War and from the conquest of Gaul I tumbled into The Civil War. Afterwards pacifying Roman Hispania. This is the MiG-15 that was flown to South Korea by a North Korean defector. Caesar refused, and instead marched his army on Rome, which no Roman general was permitted to do by law. For the first time in 14 years, one of the most iconic planes in American history has earned its wings. The potential prosecutions were clamored by his enemies for alleged irregularities that occurred in his consulship and war crimes claimed to have been committed during his Gallic campaigns. When Caesar approached the speaker's dais, a hush fell over the mutinous soldiers. Labienus believed that Pompey and the Senate would have won the Civil War, and he wanted to be on the winning side. That said, it should be noted that by the late 1970s, the F-4 had been shifted to ground-attack missions, as Israel had acquired F-15s and F-16s. This volume contains Caesar's commentary on the Civil War and three continuations. Oda Nobunaga as painted by an Italian Jesuit. While other garrisons and castles adopted a defensive posture or surrendered to Imagawa, Oda raised a small force of approximately 2,500 men, between one-twelfth and one-tenth the size of Imagawa’s army, and led it east. on the banks of the Rubicon, Julius Caesar faced a critical choice. Restorers have labored to meticulously off and on to scrape paint, bend metal and fabricate parts since the Boeing built-bomber arrived in 2005 hauled in on a truck from near Memphis, Tenn. “You get lots of parts and boxes and things that aren’t marked and it’s trying to figure out where things go (you) look at the drawings and it’s like a puzzle,” Simmons said. Cartoonist E.C. It burned up in the atmosphere three months later. In Vietnam, CH-47s were also used to recover planes and helicopters. In 50 BC, at the expiry of his proconsular term, the Pompey-led Senate ordered Caesar's return to Rome and the disbanding of his army and forbade his standing for election in absentia for a second consulship. The First Triumvirate (so denominated by Cicero), comprising Julius Caesar, Crassus and Pompey, ascended to power with Caesar's election as consul in 59 BC. Onroute he started the Siege of Massilia. Caesar was responsible for the fall of the Republic for several reasons, the the civil war from which the Republic never really recovered in January of 49 BC, Caesar 's appointment as dictator for life in 44 BC, and bringing into power the many of the men who would be important in the next set of civil wars. The Air Corps sent investigators to the 415th after journalist Robert Wilson published a front-page story in newspapers across America, but the investigation never saw the light of day. He and Cato committed suicide shortly after the battle. When pressed by a supervisor, he said that it must have reached six times the escape velocity of Earth (which is 11.2km/sec). The convoys were dangerous due to the unpredictable nature of the frigid waters and threat of Nazi U-boats and land-based aircraft. Nathan Hoskins). In sharp contrast to the specialization of various Flogger designs, the F-4 handled air-to-air and ground-attack missions – often on the same sortie. The American Civil War, also known as the War Between the States, is undoubtedly one of the most interesting chapters of the American history. Long live the Emperor of Rome, hero of the common man. Caesar was later proclaimed dictator first for ten years and then in perpetuity. August, Caesar quelled a mutiny of his veterans in Rome. Caesar soon emerged as a champion of the common people, and advocated a variety of reforms.
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